By 1978 The Thirty-year War That Had Been Fought Between Egypt And Isr

By 1978 the thirty-year war that had been fought between Egypt and Israel had come to a point where there was a chance for peace. The area that had been at the center of the turmoil was the West Bank of the Jordan River and the Gaza Strip. The problem was that both countries believed that they had the rights to this land: Israel, biblically and Egypt, politically. So an invitation by President Jimmy Carter to President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel was extended. The invitation was for a meeting in the Catoctin Mountains of Maryland at the presidential retreat, Camp David. The meeting was so that the framework of a peace agreement, known as the Camp David Accord, could be laid out between Sadat and Begin, with Carter as the mediator. Both Sadat and Begin had their reputations and their countries futures on the line, not to mention the future of the Middle East. All of the countries neighboring Egypt and Israel would be affected by an Egyptian/Israeli agreement of any kind and maybe encouraged to come to an agreement of some sort for that region. A lot of problems had to be overcome for this summit to be a success. One of them was that the hatred and suspicions between President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin ran very deep. Another problem was that the outside pressures were too strong to permit an easy and early resolve for issues that had a long and ancient history (Mideast 26). The last problem was the hope that President Carter could put out of his mind the psychological profiles done by the CIA on both Begin and Sadat, which could have adversely affected his ability to mediate the proceedings. The long-standing hatred between Sadat and Begin was not one of a personal nature. It had more to do with the political differences of their two countries. Israel has held that the West Bank and the Gaza Strip were theirs because of the establishment of the State of Israel, out of what was Palestine in 1948 and by right of heredity. This was the land that God had told Moses was the Jewish Promised Land. The Egyptians, on the other hand, claimed that the West Bank and the Gaza Strip were theirs. They based their claim on the fact that there were Egyptian citizens living in these areas at the time, the State of Israel was established, so therefore it must be Egyptian land. In advance of the summit, the President received in-depth psychological profiles of both Sadat and Begin from the CIA (Blitzer 48). The American delegates thought that if the Egyptian and Israeli leaders were to budge it would be necessary to understand them and the way they thought (Blitzer 48). It was also decided that the Camp David meetings would be completely unstructured, without even an agenda to get them started, (Three 227) the hope was that this would be more conducive to the free exchange of thoughts and ideas. As the summit convened, Rosalynn Carter (President Carters wife) recognized that the three men had one thing in common, that is, their deep religious convictions (Blitzer 48). She suggested that the summit begin with some sort of prayer. So on September 6, 1978, as the summit was starting, the three leaders issued a prayer for peace to the world, saying: Conscious of the grave issues which face us, we place our trust in the God of our fathers, from whom we seek wisd om and guidance (Mideast 29). With this the Camp David summit started. In the beginning, both Sadat and Begin seemed willing to have sit-down face to face talks about the issues that were in front of them, evident by the fact the two men had come this far. But it soon became obvious that a three way sit down approach between President Carter and the two leaders was going to be counter productive. Within the first ten days of the summit, Sadat and Begin sat down together on only two days for a total of seven hours (Mideast 26). This was due in large part to some sticky points the two leaders could not see eye to eye

Kennedy Assasination essays

Kennedy Assasination essays There is much evidence supporting the innocence of Lee Harvey Oswald involving the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. When one of the most beloved Presidents in United States history was assassinated, Americans were quick to point fingers. Within forty-five minutes of Kennedys assassination, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested and within hours, he was charged with the murder of President Kennedy. According to the Warren Commission, the group that investigated Kennedys assassination, Oswald was the lone assassin. The commission stated that he shot a cheap rifle from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository, the place of his employment. Three shots were fired, hitting three different people; John Conally, the governor of Texas; President Kennedy, and police officer James Tague. If Oswald had indeed shot this cheap rifle, there should have been a powder burn on his cheek. After Oswald was arrested, his cheek was examined, and no such burn was found. That alone should have supported his innocence. During the day of the assassination, there were two suspicious people at Dealeys Plaza, the area near the murder scene. Both men were standing on a curb, close to Kennedy when he was shot. One man was holding an umbrella, which was strange because it was a warm sunny day and no other bystander was holding one. The second man looked as if he was holding a radio. Both the Dallas Police and the Warren Commission failed to acknowledge these two men throughout the investigation. According to Ralph Schuster, the Zapruder film, clearly shows an open umbrella as the motorcade passed the Stemmons Freeway sign on Elm Street. In photographs taken minutes before and after the assassination, the Umbrella Man pumped his umbrella nearly two feet in the air and then lowered it again. While the Umbrella Man was pumping his umbrella, the man next to him began to raise his arms...

Motivation Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation Plan - Essay Example A team becomes one because of the diversity exhibited by the numerous members. However, in order to achieve success, the members must use their diverse features to unify and improve the performance of the group towards the attainment of the goals and objectives of the group. To achieve such, the group requires an effective leader. One who does not only motivate but also compels the members to commit to the activities of the group. Team C has just such a perfect leader. Elected democratically by all the group members, the group leader thus exhibits the diversity portrayed by members in the democratic process. The group leader unifies the group owing to his democratic election. Additionally, he enjoys the authority to summon members thus improve the accountability required by the group members. With such, the leader becomes a directional and unifying force capable of centering the group’s energy towards the attainment of specific goals. While the leader enjoys great autonomy and control to the group, the members influence his actions and decisions. He consults great with the members a feature that improves a sense of belonging of the members into the group. The group members influence the decisions that run the group. They own the decision since they generate them. The leader thus simply unifies the energies of the group towards the completion of any one task before proceeding to the next. Such a feature earns the members trust and indulgence in the group’s activities owing to the fact that the members generate the ideas thus determines the nature of the completion of the works. As discussed earlier, for the group to function seamlessly and attain specific goals and objectives, the members require appropriate motivation. The group leader must therefore motivate the group members and ensure that he unifies them towards the attainment of specific objectives. The leader is the primary motivational factor in the group. He unifies all the group members b y determining their actions. Through his active and passionate involvement with the activities of the group, the leader motivates other members to work equally as hard. The leader must exhibit a quality of charisma capable of manipulating the strengths and weaknesses of the members. He must use such to commit members to the tasks of the group by establishing a way of earning the trust and commitment of each member into the group. The members possess diverse features that are both weaknesses and strengths in diverse measures. The leader must effortlessly find ways of suppressing the weaknesses in the members while fostering the strengths thus encouraging the active participation of the members into the team (Duck, 2006). The group members on the other hand have a moral obligation to participate in the activities of the group equally. This implies that their active participation is primary if the group is to succeed. They must exhibit the natural drive and motivation to participate by either helping the leader make decision or by implementing the decisions made by the leader. Their participation in the election of the leader earns the leader the authority over them. They therefore have the moral obligation to obey and implement the decisions made by their leader. Respect and submission to the leader is a prerogative to the success of the group’s activities. Teamwork dictates that each member suppresses their individual interests and prioritizes the interest of the group. This implies tha

Border security issues (week 3) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Border security issues (week 3) - Essay Example However, Narco-Traficante economy has also provided income for some people and thus they use this money for buying of normal goods in the normal economy. Amexica being a region located between two countries has a multitude of cultures. These cultures originate from different generations, resulting to residents of this region adopting to more than one culture. The people of this region have however been able to maintain their native culture despite also adopting modern cultures. In terms of language the people of this region use English and Spanish interchangeably and have even coined a new language by mixing these two languages. â€Å"Spanglish† as known by Hispanic-Americans is a unique language that emerged as a result of the switching between English and Spanish languages (Meadow, 2009). The language borrows words from English and makes them have Spanish sounding for efficiency. To convey words that have cultural meaning the users mix Spanish between English sentences. Apart from a unique language the Amexica culture also has a unique and rich blend of music styles. The music in Amexica is a blend of some of the Mexican music styles with other music styles from other cultures such as the European culture (Meadow, 2009). This music has also been able to incorporate music instruments that were popular in Europe, for instance the polka and the accordion. Meadows, B. (2009). Nationalism and language learning at the US/Mexico border: An ethnographically-sensitive critical discourse analysis of the reproduction of nation, power, and privilege in an English language classroom. Detroit:

The Japanese ceramic Essay Example for Free

The Japanese ceramic Essay The Japanese ceramic bowls in LACMA’s permanent collection show a clear difference between the pre-1650 stoneware pieces and the slightly later porcelain items. While the stoneware works are more abstract and coarser-looking, generally giving the appearance of folk objects, the porcelain bowls have a delicate, refined appearance indicating their manufacture for the social elites and suggesting their more decorative uses. The oldest bowl, dubbed â€Å"Dish with the Character for ‘Spirit’,† dates from circa 1580 and is a stoneware piece in earth tones, with beige, brown, and white glaze with black calligraphy a design vaguely reminiscent of sun rays. The different sections are drawn somewhat unevenly, attesting to somewhat rough craftsmanship and suggesting that this piece was made for common people. A similar piece, dating from 1578, has a somewhat squared-off rim with blossoms and stripes radiating from the center. Its glaze is also earth-toned and it features a somewhat cryptic design in the center, and the somewhat uneven hand-applied application suggests non-elite workmanship and usage. Another, slightly later stoneware piece (from the early seventeenth century) is a wide, shallow bowl, also with an uneven mouth and abstract design inside. The porcelain pieces, by contrast, reveal much greater detail and refinement. The oldest, named â€Å"Dish with Paulownia Snowflake Design† and dating from the late seventeenth century, is rounder and more symmetrical than the stoneware dishes, and features two multicolored, elaborate snowflake designs (a smaller one in blue and a larger red, green, and blue one that extends off the surface of the vessel). Another contemporary dish has a painting of intricately-decorated blue and white jars against a grayish background; it is similarly symmetrical in shape. The final one, dating from 1830-43, is perhaps the most detailed, showing a map of several islands (one of which dominates the picture) within a sea, whose waves are stylized semi-circles. All feature such close, intricate detail that while they are intended as useful objects, they appear as much decorative as practical and they seem to have been created with more artistic attention (and possibly with more sophisticated manufacturing techniques). The stoneware bowls appear to be functional vernacular objects, given their somewhat rough-hewn appearance. Compared to the porcelain bowls, which appear more decorative and intricately designed, the older pieces appear more practical because of their roughness; one would not be as likely to damage the stoneware bowls or spoil their appearances with stains (which earth-tone glaze would help conceal). The porcelain dishes appear more decorative and, perhaps, less likely to be used for everyday consumption. The stoneware bowls evoke no deep feeling because they are not holy objects and do not include evocative depictions of anything. Instead, they serve as examples of what ordinary Japanese used for routine food consumption. The porcelain items were likely elite objects, since Japan’s ruling classes tended to prefer porcelain, which, according to the museum website, was generally not sold commercially. The stoneware dishes were likely made for and owned by commoners, given their less refined craftsmanship and use of heavy clay rather than delicate porcelain. The latter ones show more of an artist’s hand. The works relate to each other by illustrating what kinds of bowls Japan’s different classes used. The porcelain bowl is an example of elite tastes, while cruder-looking ceramic bowls were more readily available to the population, illustrating the gaps in aesthetic value between objects meant for commoners (who put their through more practical use) and those meant for elites (who could afford to own them for decorative reasons alone). â€Å"LACMA Collections Online. † LACMA: Los Angeles County Museum of Art. 2006. http://collectionsonline. lacma. org/mwebcgi/mweb. exe? request=jump;dtype=i;startat=13.

The Olay Brand Called Olay Evolution Marketing Essay

The Olay Brand Called Olay Evolution Marketing Essay INTRODUCTION The Procter Gamble Company (PG) is one of the worlds largest consumer goods companies. It markets more than 300 brands in the beauty, health, fabric, home, baby, family, and personal care product categories. The company operates in the Americas, Europe and Asia. It is headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, and employs about 135,000 people. CORPORATE OBJECTIVES The objective of Procter Gamble is that They will provide branded products and services of superior quality and value that improve the lives of the worlds consumers, now and for generations to come. As a result, consumers will reward us with leadership sales, profit and value creation, allowing our people, our shareholders and the communities in which we live and work to prosper. (http://www.uk.pg.com/company/aboutPG/purposeValuesPrinciples.html) CORPORATE STRATEGY Procter Gamble (PG), one of the worlds largest consumer goods companies is also a pioneer in the use of mass media. The company has used newspaper advertisements, radio and soap operas to advertise its popular brands like Crest, Pampers, Pantene and Folgers. During 1990-2000, however,  its rate of growth took a plunge. When AG Lafley took over as CEO in 2000, he gave PG a complete makeover with the focus on innovation and advertising. Since 2000, PG has been increasingly embracing targeted, viral and on-line marketing. (http://www.uk.pg.com/company/aboutPG/purposeValuesPrinciples.html) PROPOSED PRODUCT olayLogo87_Jul06.jpg Evolution Olay is a worldwide leader in skin care and have been trusted by women for fifty years. Graham Wulff, an innovative and entrepreneurial South African chemist developed the original formula at the beginning of the 1950s. Olay has eight global product lines offering a multiple of product. Product such as; Olay professional pro-X, Olay Definity, Olay Regenerist, Olay Total effect, Olay complete, Olay hydrate cleanse, Olay clarity, Olay body lotion, Olay touch of sun and Olay body cleansing (http://www.docstoc.com/docs/14719894/Oil-Of-Olay-Products). Skin care is evolving faster than ever with independent clinical trial and new standards in natural and organic cosmetics. Olay evolution will be a combination of Olay total effects (7 seven powerful anti-ageing in one) and Olay Definity (fight wrinkles, brown spot and discolouration). Many consumers want products that offer more than one benefit. So this product is expected to moisturize, fight free radicals and give the skin a more youthful appearance. This product would offer the costumer an ideal combination of the world most powerful skin care solution. Anti-aging is the fastest-growing skin segment, standing at $567.6 million, now representing the biggest category in skin care, surpassing facial cleansers which stand at $559.2 million. (http://www.allbusiness.com/population-demographics/demographic-groups/5517853-1.html) product-landing-definity_v6.jpg product-landing-total-effects.jpg Women are very particular when dealing with their face. They need to be convinced the product will deliver all the promised benefits. Women are willing to try new things and spend more money to look better and younger. Skin care attracts customers from all income level as most women like to take care of their appearance. The increase number of women working equates women with more money to spend and skin care is one of the favourite avenues for their spending. Based on Procter Gamble F4Q10 (Qtr End 06/30/2010) Earnings Call Transcript, Female Skin Care grew volume double digits with positive share trends. In the U.S., Olay all-outlet value share of the Facial Moisturizer segment was up almost two points behind the continued strength of the Olay Pro-X line and the Olay Regenerist Roller ball Eye Treatment innovation. Olay also had strong results in developing markets, more than doubling shipments in India, Saudi Arabia and the Philippines. Organic sales increased 5%, driven by 8% organic volume growth. (http://seekingalpha.com/article/218380-procter-gamble-f4q10-qtr-end-06-30-2010-earnings-call-transcript) Rate of Global skin care market 2002 and 2007 Country 2002 ( £M) 2009 ( £M) US 6,752.2 8,059.2 FRANCE 2,391.1 4,368.0 GERMANY 1,975.1 3,239.3 ITALY 1,440.0 2,340.4 SPAIN 956.4 1,897.9 UK 1,612.7 2,937.6 Source: Euro monitor international Below are the analyses of the business environment to back up the proposal. ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Every Business operates within an environment, these environments directly and indirectly affects the way those businesses function. Competition in the skin care industry tends to be more intense and there are many changes that can be regarded as threat and opportunity that it is important for managers to cope with. MACRO Political The political environment Relates to the pressures and opportunities brought by changes of the government and their views toward the skin care industry. Each government always have a mandate to regulate the use on non organic ingredients in most skin care product. Economic This Refers to economic factors and structures and such variables like the stock exchange, interest and inflation rates, the nations economic policies and performance, exchange rates, etc. Although PG is based in the US, it earns revenues, pay expenses, own assets and incur liabilities in countries using currencies other than the US dollar. As a result, increases or decreases in the value of the US dollar against other major currencies will affect the companys net operating revenues, operating income and the value of balance sheet items denominated in foreign currencies. Social Middle-aged women are very interested in skin care items that help them retain a more youthful appearance and complexion. Observing social factors helps organisations maintain their reputation among stakeholders. Technological Changes in technology can affect a company competitive position. Industries merge; new strategic groups emerge; currents products improve and the cost of production gets reduced by process innovation. Because the skin care industry is very competitive, the company necessitate taking advantage of the latest technology and revolutionary substances to create new product in order to maintain customers interest and loyalty. Environmental With global warming and carbon foot prints being big concerns, governments and scientists are encouraging companies and individuals to be more environmentally aware. PGs policy is to: Ensure its products, packaging and operations are safe for their employees, consumers and the environment. Reduce or prevent the environmental impact of products and packaging in their design, manufacture, distribution, use and disposal whenever possible. They support the sustainable use of resources and actively encourage reuse, recycling and composting. MICRO Buyer Power;  Consumer products companies face weak buyer power because customers are disjointed and have little influence on price or product. But considering the buyers of consumer products to be retailers rather than individuals, then these firms face very strong buyer power. One good example is the business relationship between wall-mart and PG (see swot analysis). Supplier Power; the company could face some amount of supplier power simply because of the costs incurred when switching suppliers. Notwithstanding, suppliers that do large amount of business with the company also are somewhat obliged to their customers; nonetheless, bargaining power for both the firms and their suppliers is probably limited. Threat of New Entrants;  Given the amount of capital investment needed to enter the skin care industry, the assumption is that threat of new entrants will be fairly low. Threat of Substitutes;  Within the skin care industry, brands thrive in helping to build a competitive advantage, but even the pricing power of brands can be scoured with substitutes. Threats to this product may arise from other anti-aging products such as; Avotone, Revitol, Ceramide C etc. Degree of Rivalry; Skin care industry is a very competitive market, taking advantage of the latest technology and revolutionary substances to create new product in order to maintain customers interest and loyalty will be very important. In doing so it will increase the companys competitive advantage over other top brands like Avon and Nivea Visage. INTERNAL The internal environment constitutes variables and forces within the control of the organisation. These variables are; conditions, entities,  events, and  factors  within an organization which  influence  its  activities  and  choices, its philosophy, particularly the  behaviour of the  employees. Other variables include; the  organisation mission statement,  leadership style, and its  culture. SWOT Analysis; this is a planning method use to evaluate the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and treat to a business. It involves specifying objectives of a business at the same time identifying the internal and external elements that will affect the business both positive and negative in the race to attain its stated objectives. Strengths Weaknesses Leading market position geared on a strong brand portfolio. Significant RD and market investment. Robust cash productivity Increase instances of product recall. Excessive dependant on Wal-mart. High product prices translated into sales volume decline and market share loss. Opportunities Threats Future growth plans- Increase concentration on its core attractive businesses and enhancing its customer base. Increase investment in manufacturing capacity in developing countries. Acquisitions to expand portfolio Counterfeit goods. Changing global retail scenario and rise of private labels. Commodity cost and currency exchange rate. Rising cost of energy prices Economic slowdown in US and Euro zone. (www.datamonitor.com) STRENGTHS Leading market position garnered on a strong brand portfolio With revenues of $79,029 million, PG is the worlds largest consumer products manufacturer, with its products reaching 4 billion people worldwide. PG is the 20th largest company in sales and the 9th largest company in profit among the Fortune 500 companies. The companys market capitalization in 2009 was roughly $150 billion, making it one of the 10 most valuable companies in the US. PG holds leading global market shares in a variety of categories, including baby care (33%), blades and razors (70%), feminine protection (37%), and fabric care (33%). The companys leadership position is built on its strong brand portfolio. Strong brand portfolio enables the company to achieve economies of scale in distribution and retain a strong bargaining position with retailers. Leading market position provides PG with significant competitive advantage as well as stabilizes the companys financial growth Significant RD and market investment. Being a consumer products company, PG relies heavily on innovation and continued marketing investments in order to establish a significant competitive advantage. As a result, the company has made significant investments in RD and marketing. Over the last decade, PG has invested more than $2 billion in consumer and market research (nearly twice that of its closest competitor, Unilever; and equal to the combined total of its other major competitors; Avon, Clorox Company, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Energizer Holdings, Henkel, Kimberly-Clark, LOreal, and Reckitt Benckiser). Virtually, all the organic sales growth delivered by PG in the past nine years has come from new brands and new or improved product innovation. PG also involves external innovation partners to boost its internal innovative capability, an approach it calls Connect and Develop. Currently, more than half of all product innovation coming from PG includes at least one major component from an external partner. PGs strong RD capabilities and a marketing-driven understanding of consumer needs are backed by significant marketing investments. The company invests more than $7 billion in advertising annually, consistently making PG one of the worlds largest advertisers. Strong focus on research and development allows PG to renew its product line at regular intervals, which boosts customer loyalty and revenue growth. Significant marketing investments to support its brands and a broad product portfolio help PG to remain at forefront in a competitive market. Robust cash productivity PGs cash productivity: the percentage of earnings converted into cash has averaged over 100% since 2001, consistently among the very best in the industry. This is primarily due to PGs strong focus on productivity, working-capital management and cost reduction. Furthermore, PG is equally rigorous about managing costs. The company has reduced overhead costs as a percentage of sales by more than 300 basis points since 2001. The cash productivity allows PG to maintain the companys excellent credit rating, to pay strong dividends, and to have the flexibility to invest in the business organically or through mergers and acquisitions. Therefore, robust cash productivity ensures that PG has the flexibility and the resources to invest in growth even in the most challenging environments. WEAKNESSES PG has been registering increasing instance of product recalls. One case in point is in November 2009, the company voluntarily recalled three lots of its Vicks Sinex nasal spray in the US, Germany and the UK. The recall was a precautionary step after finding the bacteria B. cepacia in a small amount of product made at its plant in Gross Gerau, Germany. In March 2010, PG voluntarily recalled its Pringles Restaurant Cravers Cheeseburger potato crisps and Pringles Family Faves Taco Night potato crisps in response to a recommendation from the Food Drug Administration (FDA) to the food industry to protect consumers from potential Salmonella exposure. Most recently in June 2010, PG voluntarily recalled a small percentage of 1-liter bottles of Scope Original Mint and Scope Peppermint mouthwash with malfunctioning child-resistant caps in the US and Canada. Recurrent product recalls could affect the brand image of the company, which would lead to low customer loyalty and brand equity. Excessive dependent on Wal-Mart PG is heavily dependent on Wal-Mart Stores (Wal-Mart) and its affiliates for generating major part of its revenue. Sales to Wal-Mart and its affiliates represented approximately 15% of its total revenue since 2006. High dependence upon a Wal-Mart reduces the bargaining power of the company. Also, Wal-Mart could use its bargaining power to impose unfavourable terms on the company. Any decrease in revenue from Wal-Mart could have a negative impact on the companys businesses. Hence, the loss of this customer will lead to a sharp decline in PGs revenues and also a loss of its market share. OPPRTUNITIES Future growth plans In order to grow in a highly competitive environment, PG is pursuing a clearly drafted strategy with focus on two areas: increasing concentration on its core attractive businesses and enhancing its customer base. The company is sharply focusing on its core attractive businesses (the beauty and health market segments and several household care categories) as these are fast-growing businesses. For instance, the global market for personal care products has annual sales of over $39.5 billion and is growing at a rate of around 5% annually. PG intends to increase its customer base by acquiring under served and unserved consumers. In line with this, the company is targeting developing markets; extending its distribution systems; and expanding its brand and product portfolio. Developing and emerging economies are expected to account for 90% of the worlds population by 2010, and this is expected to drive demand for fast moving consumer goods. Increased investment in manufacturing capacity in developing countries PG is planning the biggest increase in its manufacturing capacity in order to expand into categories and countries where it doesnt have a brand presence. The company is investing 4% of sales in capital spending, including funding for new manufacturing capacity to support future growth. Over the next five years, PG plans to add 20 new manufacturing facilities. Almost all of these facilities are in developing markets, and almost all will be multi-product category facilities. By focusing on developing markets, the company would reduce the cost of serving these markets while also being closer to regions with the greatest long term growth potential. Acquisitions to expand portfolio PG has made significant acquisitions in the recent past. For instance, in June 2009, the company acquired the Zirh skincare brand. Zirh is a leading super premium, male grooming brand available in high-end department stores, specialty outlets and online. Later in May 2010, PG entered into an agreement to acquire Natura Pet Products, a privately-held pet food business. Most recently, in July 2010, the company concluded its purchase of the Ambi Pur Brand from Sara Lee Corporation. Ambi Pur is a leading global air care brand with presence in 80 countries, and also has several toilet care products, with strong presence in Western Europe and Asia. These kinds of acquisitions will strengthen PGs presence across a range of categories and in turn augment its top line and bottom-line. THREATS Changing global retail scenario and rise of private labels PGs products are sold in a highly competitive global marketplace which is experiencing an increased trade concentration and the growing presence of large format retailers and discounters. With the growing trend toward retail trade consolidation, it is increasingly dependent on key retailers. Some of these retailers have a greater bargaining strength than PG. They may use this leverage to demand higher trade discounts, allowances or slotting fees, which could lead to reduced sales or profitability. Commodity cost and currency exchange rate instability places tremendous pressure on PGs business. Not to mention the unexpected and dramatic devaluations of currencies in developing or emerging markets reduce profits. Counterfeit goods Trade of counterfeits and pass-offs products is negatively affecting the growth of FMCG companies like PG. The top two brands within any category be it cosmetics, detergents, or soaps are effected the most by counterfeit. It is estimated that the loss due to counterfeit products convert into around  £6 billion ($8.5 billion). Furthermore, with the advent of digital channels there has been a surge in the sale of counterfeit products and online sales of these products increased by 9% in 2009. Besides revenue losses, counterfeits and pass-offs also affect the companys brand as they are unsafe. (Swot analysis Source: www.datamonitor.com ) The best strategies accomplish an organisation mission by exploiting an organisation opportunity and strength, while neutralizing its treat and avoiding its weakness. Ansoff matrix Ansoff matrix highlight four possible market strategy for the propose product. ansoff_matrix-124013-1.jpeg (http://www.brothersoft.com/ansoff-matrix-124013.html). Product development: as this is a new product in the range, much emphasis will be to offer the product to the existing customer base. Using the competitive advantages and brand image of previous products to lunch the propose product. With the companys focus on advertising, (worlds largest advertisers) it can use the advertising power to push the product to recognition. Sixty percent (60%) of the strategy will be on product development. Diversification: One of the opportunities available to the company is launching into new markets and developing economies. Forty percent (40%) of the strategy will be to launch the propose product in an entirely new market. Market Penetration: this occurs when the company sells its existing product in its existing market, perhaps through greater promotional efforts. As this is a new product this strategy might be considered in the future. Market Development: this occurs when the company tries to sell it existing products in new and emerging markets. This strategy as well might be for future considerations.

Human Growth and Development Case Study

The paper Is focused primarily on cognitive, physical, and social developments. This paper will discuss the relationship I see between theories of observing and planning and theories of development in childhood education. Michael is 6 years and 11 months old. It is October and he is in first class. Michael rarely makes contact, and when he is directly asked to do so he turns and looks at the back wall of the classroom. He displays this behavior also when asked to participate in group work.When in class he maintains a low level of continuous dialogue which is never directed towards other students. When he asks questions in class they never have any relevance to the immediate context of the lesson. When he talks to other students he talks at them rather than to them and does not require a response. It is also evident in his interaction with the teacher that his conversation lacks any element of transaction. He demonstrates a literal understanding of instruction I. E. Recently he was to ld to sit down and finish his work and not to move until he was finished.Michael did finish the work but continued to sit all trough lunch until the teacher on yard duty noticed him sitting in the empty classroom. He reported he had been told not to move. It is clear that he does not understand facial expressions and body language and communication needs to be kept at a very concrete and unambiguous level. Increasingly he is becoming socially isolated in the class as he displays little interest in the other children and they find his behavior difficult to understand.At a time in their lives when children are beginning to form real friendships his difficulties are becoming more apparent in the social area. He moans quiet frequently that the other children call him a baby out in the yard and this has become an issue with his parents as they claim he is being bullied in the art. Close observation of Michael reveals that he does in fact behave in a babyish manner quiet a lot of time and lacks levels of independence consistent with his age group. He along with the rest of his class has completed the Micro T. And Stigma T. Sets of reading and math attainment. On both tests Michael scores two standards deviations above the norm indicating that his intellectual ability is very high. This in turn calls into question his lack of ability to function in the social and communication areas. A report is compiled for all students prior to the annual parent teacher meeting. When completing Michaels report form the only option for the teacher is to tick â€Å"poor† in all the sections relating to social development. At the parent teacher meeting Michaels social and communication skills become the focus of the discussion.They reluctantly agree that they had noticed some worrying behavior particularly when they compared his development to that of their younger son who is four. They report that they try to provide Michael with opportunities to socialism but that on occasion when he invites other children home to play Michael ignores them. People rather than with them.. He doesn't look people in the eye when he speaks to them, and he seems unaware of the subtleties of verbal and nonverbal communication. He is socially isolated, has low level of independence. Michael intellectual ability is very high.If Michael were evaluated medically he would possibly receive a diagnosis of Aspirer Syndrome (AS). What is Aspirer Syndrome? Austrian pediatrician Hans Aspirer first described the problem in 1944, but it was not until 1991 that the constellation of symptoms/experiences now known as Aspirer Syndrome (or Espalier's Disorder) became more widely known and accepted. In 1994 the American Psychiatric Association included the diagnosis in their Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (ADSM). Since then, as many as one in 250 children and adults may meet the diagnostic criteria.The medical community places AS in the same family of problems such as aut ism, what the ADSM calls â€Å"pervasive developmental disorders. † Those with AS have a difficult time developing good relationships, particularly with peers, for several reasons: * Nonverbal communication struggles-?children with AS have trouble expressing and interpreting nonverbal forms of communication such as ye contact, facial expressions, body postures, and gestures. He may miss or misinterpret subtle nonverbal cues that signal anger, irritation, boredom, or amusement in others, often leading to misunderstanding and conflict in relationships. Verbal communication struggles-?unlike autistic children, those with AS can express themselves verbally, but he struggle to use these abilities wisely in the midst of conversations. He are better at communicating information about things he know than entering into the give and take of normal conversation. * Lack of social or emotional reciprocity-?AS children struggle to understand and relate to he feelings of others. This does n ot mean that he have no feelings; but that he have difficulty entering into another person's experiences, emotions, and thoughts.How Aspirer Syndrome can affect Michaels development Aspirer Syndrome can affect a Michaels development in a numerous number of ways. Erickson described development in a set of stages; an individual must overcome one to move on to the next. AS could seriously disturb the succession of reaching these stages and leave a person feeling very lost and confused if gone untreated. For instance, Michael who is in the stage of Industry vs.. Inferiority may be comparing himself to his peers and realize he is very different. The issues a child has in the socially anxious and even more cut off in the future (Beer, 2007).Piglet's theory on intellectual growth can somewhat be contradicted with children who have Aspirer Syndrome. Pigged said that all children when through four stages of cognitive development. The first is seniority, the second is operational, the third i s concrete-operational, and the fourth is formal-operational stage (Skip and Shaffer 61). These different stages coincide very well with children who do not have Aspirer Syndrome, but he do not coincide very nicely with children who do. Michael who has AS is very intellectual, and more advanced then what Pigged thought was capable in his stages.Pigged believed that children couldn't really move ahead in the stages while he was still in a young age but this is not true in relationship with children who have AS. One the other hand there are some areas that Michael is not as advanced as he should be according to Pigged. This Just continues to prove that Pigged had to think about different ways that different children have of developing cognitively. Many students with Espalier's may have a lack of self-motivation. According to Mason's Hierarchy of Needs and theory of motivation, a person has basic needs to fulfill.The lower levels of needs include survival, safety, belonging and self-es teem. The higher levels of needs include self-actualization, aesthetic appreciation, and intellectual achievement. (Gene ; Chukka, 2007) When considering Mason's theory, Michael may never reach the higher needs because the lower level needs have not been met. He often feel like he don't belong, he feel unsafe and he can also struggle with self-esteem. These factors can have a great effect on a Michaels motivation in the classroom. Michael may also have needs in the classroom that the teacher will need to accommodate for.It may be physical needs, such as softened lights or loud noise reduction or environmental needs, such as workspace that is comfortable and not overwhelming for the student. Michael may also have academic needs in the classroom as well, such as wait time, physical information rather than verbal or hands on manipulative. Some classroom teachers may need to have interventions set in place in the case that a student with Espalier's has behavior modifications in lace. Th ere needs to be a set discipline plan for all students as well as the AS student in the classroom.They might also have an individualized behavior plan designed to meet their specific needs and goals. These are set in place to help the AS student succeed in the regular education classroom. The key to keeping Michael motivated in the classroom is to find what works for him. It will not be the same for everyone and it is up to the school, teachers, counselors and parents to find a way to help that individual child be successful in their education. Just like any other student, Michael wants to succeed and be part of the school and classroom community.With the proper motivational techniques, this is possible for Michael. Characteristics, and the affect this disorder of Michaels development Aspirer their development. Hans Aspirer described these group of children with a significant and chronic nonrepresentational social disorder (Miles and Simpson 1). Michael show to have a lot of difficu ltly in social settings. Some characteristics of Michael are that he do not deal with social situations correctly. Autistic children have much more problems with language then children with AS, and this is the biggest preference between the two disorders.He also tend to show a lot of repetitive behaviors, and obsessions with certain things Jackson 45). People with AS can also experience some problems with their sleeping patterns, motor skills and emotions. There is no specific cause to Aspirer Syndrome or Autism, it is a fact of something going wrong in your genes. A diagnosis for Aspirer Syndrome is usually made between the ages of four to eleven. The child has to demonstrate an impairment in social situations, repetitive behaviors, and their also has to be not a severe impairment in language to be diagnosed as AS and not Autism.He have to take a series of cognitive and genetic assessments to see where he fall on the ADSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria. If he obtain a certain amount of the se qualities he are classified as having Aspirer Syndrome (Prior 18). Aspirer Syndrome is a very common disorder, it is important for people to understand the characteristics, and the affect this disorder has on the five domains of their development. Cognitive Domain There are some different cognitive findings with children who have Aspirer Syndrome. A defining characteristic of AS is an average or above average intellectual opacity (Miles and Simpson 10).Michael tends to do very well intellectually in school, mostly this is due to his ability to become fixated on a topic and therefore in a way become an expert on the topic. Children with AS usually also get diagnosed with an attention deficit disorder. Michael seem to have a hard time with paying attention, and he get distracted very easily. Michael seem to get lost in his own word very often. One minute it may seem like Michael is paying attention to what you are doing, and the next he is completely in his own word, and is total u naware of his surroundings.Other then these few cognitive problems unlike Autism, Aspirer Syndrome doesn't have as many. Linguistic domain Children with Aspirer Syndrome have some issues with language. Although it is much less serious then with children with Autism it is still a big part of their life. Michael has a lot of difficulty with language, body language and facial expressions. It is very hard for him to figure out what other people mean by the way they speak and the different kinds of expressions they make. Children with AS take things very literal, and this is a huge problem with their language Jackson 100).This is very important for teachers to understand, because when they give a student or else they will get very confused. For example, if a teacher tells Michaels to leave the room for a second, he would walk out of the classroom for exactly one second and then come back in. It is very hard for Michael to understand the true meaning as to what the person is telling him, and therefore he get very confused. There are some ways of helping these children with their difficulties which is having them take speech-language assessments.This studies the child's understanding of nonliterary engage, verbal problem solving, and nonverbal communication (Miles and Simpson 26). Getting Michael into these programs early in his life, can really impact how well his language understanding develops as adults. Physical domain Children with Aspirer Syndrome tend to have some physical problems. Physical activity can be hard for children with AS because most of the children have a degree of fine and gross motor problems (Prior 207). Children with AS tend to have bad balance and hand eye coordination, they can also be very clumsy.This makes it very hard for Michael to play on a team. Difficulties with fine motor skills affect Michaels performance academically. He can sometimes have trouble grasping a pencil, and therefore he write very messy. This also causes a lot of probl ems in physical education class (Miles and Simpson 62). Students with AS have a very hard time physically and gym can be very hard on them emotionally because children tend to make fun of someone who is very bad at sports. Children with Aspirer Syndrome also have problems with textures and sensory perception.Certain textures can really bother a person with AS. So can different sounds. A child with AS has heightened menses and this causes them to get very disturbed by certain things Jackson 61). Children with AS also have different dietary needs. There is a theory that gluten and casein products can not be broken down with people on the Autistic spectrum. The removal of these foods can be very beneficial to the child's health. Going on a gluten free diet has shown some amazing results in helping children with Autism deal with their dietary needs Jackson 82).Social Domain Children with Aspirer Syndrome have a lot of difficulty with social situations. Michael sometimes doesn't know how to handle some situations that he is not used to. It is said that children with AS don't understand when they are standing to close to someone, which would make them uncomfortable. Also Michael has difficulties with following people around, and not knowing that this is bothering the person he is following. It is also very hard for Michael to tell if someone is bored because he doesn't understand peoples facial expressions, and different emotional expressions Jackson 164).Research states that children with AS demonstrate impairments in their relationships with peers, difficulties with participating in reciprocal conversations and using nonverbal communication cues within social exchanges Prior 105). Michael also has a very hard time with maintaining eye contact with Michael to be socially awkward in his lack of eye contact (Prior 106). This can be very frustrating for Michael because he feel like he is doing everything right and normal with other people, but he end up doing things a ll wrong. Emotional Domain (Self-esteem) Some children have a much healthier self-regard than others.However, children who are aware that they have significant difficulties that keep them apart from their peers are almost guaranteed to have low self-esteem. And this is exacerbated by sleep robbers, bullying, difficulties with school-work, relationship problems etc. Clearly, self-esteem issues are common in children with Aspirer Syndrome. Studies show that children who are given help with Social Skills and are able to translate this into real life situations, develop higher self-esteem, and some children benefit from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy There are several strands that Michaels parents and teachers should keep an eye on.Teachers need to make sure that Michael is not being bullied, that he can access school work, that he can cope with playtime's and dinner hours. Espies are often perfectionists, and therefore often feel that they are letting people down when they do not do some thing perfectly. Michael needs to know his rules about doing his best. He often avoids situations where he is afraid of failing. Michael need to be encouraged to take risks, maybe going into a social situation, and then emphasis the things he has done well. Success in one situation can give the confidence to tackle another new thing.Conclusion Every child is unique – unique in the way he develops and grows. A child's development from baby to toddler, from child to teenager from teenager to adult usually follows an expected pattern. Sometimes this pattern of development is delayed. The delay may be mild or severe. Every child develops differently, however some differences may indicate a developmental disorder or delay. This is where important developmental milestones or stages are missed or delayed. Many children with Espaliers Syndrome also have sensory processing difficulties.Children with Espaliers Syndrome often find social situations extremely trying and stressful. They f requently have stereotypical patterns of behavior and can be obsessive about very specific interests, in addition to some peach and language peculiarities and issues with non-verbal communication, Many of these young people have average or above average intelligence – but lack the skills to communicate easily, have very poor social skills and may not be able to empathic or relate well to other children or adults.These children often have great difficulty ‘reading' other people's emotions or feelings. These difficulties can persist through teenage and adult life. However with family and school supports and with early intervention, young people None of us can choose our genes, our parents, or the place where we are born. We all have feelings and we all live in the same world. Let's make it a kind and friendly place for everyone. Advises for Michael parents and teachers: Aspire – The Aspirer Syndrome Association of Ireland Collinear House, Carmichael Centre, Colline ar Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.

Autobiographies of Ben Franklin and Frederick Douglass Essay

Ben Franklin and Frederick Douglass are the most prominent figures in American history who fought for freedom and equal rights, democracy and racial equality. Frederick Douglass was one of the most important figures in anti-slavery and civil rights movement which took place in the 19th century. Ben Franklin was a scientist, politician, diplomat and author. His social and political activity coincided with consolidation and creation of the nation and for this reason his liberal ideas had a great impact on formation of the nation. Thesis For both Franklin and Douglass, escape from oppressive circumstances became a turning point in their careers giving rise to political and social activity. The themes of survival and escape are closely connected with family background and early life of both men. Benjamin Franklin was of a family that for generations had lived by the sweat of its brow. Like his ancestors for generations back, he was bred to a trade through a long apprenticeship. That he became a journalist was not altogether accident. His Uncle Benjamin and his maternal grandfather had been versifiers, and his elder brother had become printer of the fourth newspaper set up in New England. Franklin describes his experience: â€Å"I disliked the trade and had a strong inclination to go to sea, but my father declared against it. But residing near the water I was much in it and on it† 1. 1. Franklin, B. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (with Introduction and Notes). (Macmillan, 1914), 7 Moreover, he learned early that writing, if one has a mastery of it, is useful for creating and controlling the opinions of men. The story of his teaching himself to write is generally known. Frederick Douglass was born a slave in 1818, and raised by his grandparents. Historians suppose that â€Å"Douglass’ grandmother, Betsy Bailey, was the central figure in his early years1. In contrast to Franklin oppression and slavery were the driven forces which forced Douglass to escape from. At their twenties, Franklin and Douglass ‘escaped‘ and run to big cities looking for job and career opportunities. At the age of 20, Douglass escaped from his master and went to New Bedford, Massachusetts. â€Å"No longer in the clutches of slavery, he was ready to take the next steps in his career as an orator, a preacher, and an abolitionist† 2. It was a watershed in his life. â€Å"This battle with Mr. Covey was the turning-point in my career as a slave. It rekindled the few expiring embers of freedom, and revived within me a sense of my own manhood† 3. At the age of 18, Franklin broke indenture and run to Philadelphia. During a year, he worked for Samuel Keimer, a printer. On the October morning, 1723, when Franklin passed under the sign of the Bible, entered the shop of Bradford and asked for work, Samuel Keimer, a rival printer, had set up in the town. Bradford had nothing for the lad to do, but gave him a home and sent him to Keimer, by whom he was soon employed. He describes â€Å"I have been the more particular in this description of my journey, and shall be so of my first entry into that city, that you may in your mind compare such unlikely beginnings with the figure I have since made there†3. 1. Lampe, G. P. Frederick Douglass: Freedom’s Voice, 1818-1845. (Michigan State University Press 1998), 27. 2. Ibid, 26 3. Douglass, F. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. 1997. http://sunsite. berkeley. edu/Literature/Douglass/Autobiography/ 4. Franklin, B. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (with Introduction and Notes). (Macmillan, 1914), 24 During a few months all went well, and Franklin spent his time courting and printing. Franklin was sent to Boston with a letter to Josiah, a printer. Josiah refused to take him, and Benjamin came back to Keith, who now dispatched him on a fool’s errand to London. He sailed with the belief that he was to have letters of introduction and letters of credit that he was to buy types, paper, and a press, and return to America a master printer. He reached London to find Keith a knave and himself a dupe. After the escape, both men started active political and social activity. Douglass became a lecturer for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. He started publishing activity and published several newspapers including â€Å"New National Era†, â€Å"Frederick Douglass Weekly†, â€Å"The North Star†, â€Å"Frederick Douglass’ Paper†, etc. He made friends with Wendell Phillips and William Lloyd Garrison. During the Civil War, he was an adviser to President Abraham Lincoln. Philadelphia during 1727 to 1757 was a town of remarkable intellectual activity. During 1727-1730, Franklin emerges as the chief political leader and scientist, the energizing, galvanizing source of two-thirds of the town’s important enterprises 1. In autobiography, Douglass creates a vivid image of slavery as â€Å"a burden† with deprives many people a chance to be free from oppression and humiliation. There is intensity of illusion because the author is pres ¬ent, constantly reminding readers of his unnatural wisdom. The moral quality of both works depends not on the validity of doctrines, but on the moral sense and arguments presented in the work. In both books, a certain amount of plot is based on emotional response. For Franklin, escape became a turning point in his career and world views. It was at this time that Benjamin founded the Junto, wrote his famous epitaph, 1. Lampe, G. P. Frederick Douglass: Freedom’s Voice, 1818-1845. (Michigan State University Press, 1998), 28, 2. Franklin, B. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (with Introduction and Notes). (Macmillan, 1914),. 27 in grew religious, composed a liturgy for his own use 1. For instance, to get a circulation Philadelphia Franklin resorted to clever expedients. He strove to make the â€Å"Gazette† amuse its readers, and to persuade the readers to write for the â€Å"Gazette;† for he well knew that every contributor would buy a dozen copies of the paper containing his piece from sheer love of seeing himself in print. Necessity to survive and hardship had a great impact on their moral values and views. Douglass supported equal rights movement and fight for emancipation in England where he earned the nickname â€Å"The Black O’Connell†. After the Civil war, Douglass was selected the President of the Reconstruction-era Freedman’s Saving’s Bank; Minister-General to the Republic of Haiti and marshal of the district of Columbia. In 1862 Frederick Douglass described him as a â€Å"miserable tool of traitors and rebels† and â€Å"quite a genuine representative of American prejudice and negro hatred† 1. For many Americans, religious norms represent the main code of values and norms determining specific mode of conduct personally and socially preferable. To some extent, this way of thinking gives strength and flexibility to both men who reflect their own identification with an entity – the nation. Desire for independence and self-identity can be interpreted as distinctively â€Å"American† feature and unique style of life. The first acknowledged master of American literary expression, Franklin is also in the heroic tradition of American humor. Franklin’s humor and wit-the gentle touch that won men’s hearts and affections and the bite of satire that disconcerted the enemies of America and the opponents of freedom and progress-reveal him in his most creative aspect as a pioneer of the American personality. His spirit of fair play, tolerance and compromise for the better good of all have elicited, over the years, the 1. Franklin, B. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (with Introduction and Notes). (Macmillan, 1914), 68. 2. Douglass, F. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. 1997. http://sunsite. berkeley. edu/Literature/Douglass/Autobiography/ respectful admiration of Americans and the love of the whole world. Though vivid images and ideas of survival expressed in his work, Douglass appealed to emotions of slaves talking about ideas of independence, freedom and equal rights. Douglass writes: â€Å"It was enough to chill the blood and stiffen the hair of an ordinary man to hear him talk. Scarce a sentence escaped him but that was commenced or concluded by some horrid oath† 1. Douglas did not believe in arguments against slavery, supposing that common sense and moral values were higher than any religion. Always loyal to this broad notion of what is real, Douglass tends to seek a mode of radicalizing viewing. In 1872, Frederick Douglass became the Vice President of the United States and was the first African-American who had occupied this high position. For both men, escape becomes a symbol of future and hopes. Franklin and Douglass paved the way in accordance with life expectations and aims coined by hardship and necessity to survive. Their style encompassed a respect for human dignity transcending the limitations of color, a defense of the rights of the press and of freedom of speech and conscience, a concern for the liberty of every man to worship God in his own way, a regard for education and learning and for arts and letters, a sincere belief in equality of opportunity and condition that expressed itself in a concern to prevent excessive wealth and extreme poverty, and a passionate belief in the future greatness of America. 1. Douglass, F. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. 1997. http://sunsite. berkeley. edu/Literature/Douglass/Autobiography/ Works Cited 1. Douglass, F. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. 1997. 30 April 2007 http://sunsite. berkeley. edu/Literature/Douglass/Autobiography/ 2. Franklin, B. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (with Introduction and Notes). Macmillan, 1914. 3. Lampe, G. P. Frederick Douglass: Freedom’s Voice, 1818-1845. Michigan State University Press, 1998. 4. Shenk, Joshua Wolf. The Myth of Lincoln, Reconstructed. The American Prospect. 12, February 26, 2001, p. 36.

How to Make Any Small Space Productive for Studying

How to Make Any Small Space Productive for Studying Do you have a special homework space? Do you sit at a desk to do your math problems, or do you balance your book on your knee as you prop yourself up in bed? Many students live in apartments or small houses that make it tough to carve a special place just for homework. For those students who have to lie on the floor or on a bed to read and write papers, homework can be a real challenge. However, the following strategies can help make your workspace more productive- wherever it might be. Turn your kitchen table into a desk. Put your studying supplies into a bag or basket and head to the kitchen table. The kitchen table is often ideal because it offers enough room to spread out. Small supply organizers, like a writing utensil stand or an accordion folder, will enable you to get the most out of the space. Wear noise-blocking headphones. If youre working on your homework in a busy environment, youre sure to face some potential distractions. Noise blocking headphones wont make the space any larger, but they will help you zone out and concentrate exclusively on the material in front of you. Snag a beanbag. If youre used to studying on the floor, consider getting a beanbag chair. Beanbags are incredibly multi-functional: they can serve as a chair, a recliner, or a table. If you get tired of reading in one position, just roll over and adjust your beanbag into a new position. Utilize a glass-topped table. If you have a glass topped coffee table in your home, you may be able to double-up the size of your workspace. Spread the books and papers youre currently using on top of the table, then spread the rest underneath the table. This way, youll know where all of your materials are at all times –Â  no more digging through giant stacks of books. Use pillows for posture. If you read on the floor, don’t place your book on the floor and bend down to read. This position will cause strain on your back and neck muscles. Instead, pile some pillows on the floor and get into a comfortable lying position. Youll be able to read for much longer, and youll be far more comfortable while doing so. Try working outdoors. Students rarely think of the outdoors when assessing potential study spaces, but its often a great option. If you have a patio, balcony, or other shared outdoor space, consider turning it into a study area. Outdoor tables make great desks, and nature is often far less distracting than indoor spaces. Keep it organized. No matter where you end up working, be sure to keep it organized. After each study session, spend 3-5 minutes cleaning up the area: pick up stacks of papers, put books back on the bookshelf, and pack up your backpack for the next day. Next time you return to your study space, it will be neat, clean, and welcoming.

How Private Schools Are Using iPads

How Private Schools Are Using iPads Private schools are on the forefront of using technology to further education. NAIS, or the National Association of Independent Schools, has developed a set of principles about technology use in their member schools that emphasizes the importance of training teachers so they can implement the new technologies in their classrooms. As technology educator Steve Bergen of Summercore has noted in his thirty years experience implementing technology in private schools, the key to implementing technology well in schools is training teachers to use it well and use it across the curriculum. Here are some novel ways private schools across the country are using technology, including iPads. Using the iPad to Teach Across the Curriculum Many private schools have begun to use tablets, including iPads. For example, Cambridge Friends School, a co-ed Quaker pre-K through 8th grade school in Massachusetts, developed a program by which every sixth, seventh, and eighth grader will use an iPad to replace laptops. As reported in Business Wire, The iPads were provided in part thanks to a grant from Avid founder Bill Warner and his wife, Elissa. The iPads are used across the curriculum, in every subject matter. For example, students use them to watch time-release photos of an osmosis and diffusion lab. In addition, students were able to see a slide of the Maya temple of Chichà ©n Itz and then swipe across the slide to see what the temple looked like 1,000 years ago. Using the iPad to teach Math San Domenico School, a boys and girls pre-K through 8th grade day school and a 9-12 girls day and boarding school in Marin County, California, has a 1-to-1 iPad program for grades 6-12 and an iPad pilot program in grade 5. The schools technology department works to train teachers in all grades to use the technology to further educational goals. For example, math teachers at the school use iPad math text applications, and they also use the iPad for taking notes and managing homework and projects. In addition, teachers can use applications such as videos from Khan Academy to reinforce their skills. Khan Academy has over 3,000 videos on a range of academic areas, including math, physics, history, and finance. Students can use their videos to practice skills and keep track of how well they are doing towards reaching their goals. Another well-known math application is Rocket Math, available as an iPad application. Through this program, students can practice math skills through worksheets or through math missions on the iPad. At the nearby Drew School a co-ed 9-12 school in San Francisco, all students also have an iPad. Students are trained about how to use their iPads, and they are allowed to bring their iPads home. In addition, the school hosts training sessions for parents to learn how to use the iPad. At the school, math teachers digitally project math problems that students can work out on their iPads, and teachers and students use a program called SyncSpace Shared Whiteboard to work together on math problems. The images captured on the Whiteboard can be e-mailed or saved. Eventually, the school plans to replace all textbooks with iPads. The iPad as an Organizing Device Students can also use the iPad as an organizational tool. Some teachers at different schools have noted that the iPad can help middle school and other students who tend to lose or misplace homework handle and centralize their assignments. In addition, students who have iPads do not misplace their textbooks or notebooks. Students can also use the iPad to take and organize notes using tools such as the Note function or a program such as Evernote, which allows students to tag notes and place them in specific notebooks so they can be easily found. As long as students dont misplace their iPad, they have all their materials at their disposal.

The Epic of Gilgamesh OR a biography of one of the Roman Emperors by Essay

The Epic of Gilgamesh OR a biography of one of the Roman Emperors by the Roman historian Suetonius in his Lives of the Caesars - Essay Example Gilgamesh heard about him from a hunter who had spotted him at the river taking a bath. The hunter or trapper as they were best known went and told his father, who eventually send him to Gilgamesh so that he would give him a temple prostitute who would seduce Enkidu. He returned with Shamhat. The following day they waited for Enkidu to reappear so that they would send the prostitute who seduced him eventually. On his reappearance, the prostitute seduced him and they made love for six days and seven nights. In the end the animals in the wilderness did not accept him again. Shamhat made a preposition to him to accompany her to Uruk. Enkidu accepted especially since he was curious of who this Gilgamesh is. He and Shamhat set to leave for Uruk the following day On their way there the following day they were shocked at Gilgamesh‘s ways. At the camp they stopped over, Gilgamesh was to sleep with the bride on the eve of her wedding before her husband slept with her. Enkidu was enraged by this act of inhumanness towards people by Gilgamesh. He was now determined to stop Gilgamesh and his acts. In the meantime Gilgamesh was having dreams of the arrival of Enkidu. So he was well prepared for him on his arrival. When the two met up a fight broke out well as expectedGilgamesh triumphed over Enkidu, but this was a changing moment for him. He finally became friends with Enkidu. Enkidu in return tells Gilgamesh about a beast in the cedar forest (McCaughrean, 110). They went to forest together with the god of the sun they defeated the beast. On their way back. Gilgamesh met Ishtar. Ishtar was a spiteful lover. Gilgamesh learnt this and rejected her eventually. She was offended and asked Anu to punish him for that. Sorrow descended upon the peopl e of Uruk as hundreds of them died in the hands of The Bull of Heaven. Both Gilgamesh and Enkidu joined hands and killed the beast. In the end Gilgamesh went to mount Mashu in pursuit of immortality. While there he was told that

Evaluate the effect of Technological change on the Business Case Study

Evaluate the effect of Technological change on the Business Environment of Sony - Case Study Example The present study would focus on the technological change and their effects on the business strategy of organizations. The choice of the topic assumes significance in the present business environment as most of the firms operating in the modern day business environment have been severely affected as a result of the fluctuations in the business environment that has emerged as a result of the recent economic and financial crisis. The organization selected for the study is Sony Electronics. The choice of the organization assumes significance considering the fact that Sony is a market leader across many consumer electronic markets of the world as is known for its excellence in innovation in its product lines. The firm is accredited with numerous innovations in the field of consumer electronics. Products like Sony Walkman have created a revolution in the world. About the Company Sony Corporation was established in the year 1946 at Tokyo, Japan with an initial start up capital of 190,000 Y en (Sony, 2011). The name of the company has been derived from the Latin word ‘Sonus’ which means sound. ... roximately 7,214,000 million Yen as of 2009.The product portfolio of the company consists of Audio, Video, Televisions, Communication and information devices, Semiconductors and various electronic components like batteries, recording systems etc (Sony-b, 2011). The business prospects of Sony Corporation are largely affected due to the fluctuations in the business environment of the firm. The aspect is more important considering the fact that the firm operates in different markets across the globe which have different consumer behaviour. In addition to varying tastes of consumers the firm also faces issues that are related to the macro environmental aspects like exchange rate fluctuations, economic and fiscal policies etc. Presence of competitors also affects the business prospects of the firm as it plays a major role in shaping the future framework of strategies for the organization. The effect of fluctuating business environment can be easily ascertained by analysing the revised bus iness and revenue forecasts (refer annexure 1) of the company for the year 2010. The global economic down turn has also played a major role in the revision of estimated forecasts. This aspect assumes significance since the sales of electronic products are largely linked to the disposable income of the consumers. The global recession has played a major role in the declination of disposable incomes of individuals which has played a major role in the declination of sales volume and profitability of business organizations like Sony Corporation. Exchange rate fluctuations have also led to considerable pressure on the strategists of the organizations to lower their expected revenue margins. In addition the price competition which has started as a result of dip in sales figure corresponding to the